The Spinning Mule Invention by Samuel Crompton

A spinning mule is a device that is an essential part of the textile industry. Invented in the 18th century  by Samual Crompton, the innovative machine spun textile fibers into yarn using an intermittent process that transformed the way yarn was manufactured, making the process much faster, easier—and more profitable. The History of Spinning Fiber into Yarn In early civilizations, yarn was spun using simple handheld tools: the distaff, which held the raw fiber material (such as wool, hemp, or cotton) and the spindle, onto which the twisted fibers were wound. The spinning wheel, a Middle-Eastern invention whose origins can be traced back as far as the 11th century, was the first step toward the mechanization of the textile spinning industry. The technology is thought to have traveled from Iran to India and was eventually introduced to Europe. The first illustration of the device dates from about 1270. The addition of a foot pedal has been credited to a workman from the town of Brunswick, located in the Saxony region of Germany in the year 1533. This allowed a spinner to power the wheel with one foot, leaving the hands free for spinning. Another 16th-century improvement was the flyer, which twisted the yarn as it was being spun, speeding up the process considerably. Europeans, however, were not the only ones to come up with innovations for spinning textiles. Water-powered spinning wheels were common in China as early as the 14th century. Samuel Crompton Puts a New Spin on Spinning Samuel Crompton was born in 1753 in Lancashire, England. After his father passed away, he helped support his family by spinning yarn. Soon enough, Crompton became all too familiar with the limitations of the industrial textile technology currently in use. He began to think of ways he could improve the process to make it faster and more efficient.  Crompton supported his research and development working as a violinist at the Bolton Theatre for pennies a show, plowing all of his wages into his realizing his invention. In 1779, Crompton was rewarded with an invention he called the spinning mule. The machine combined the moving carriage of the spinning jenny with the rollers of a water frame. The name mule was derived from the fact that like a mule—which is a cross between a horse and a donkey—his invention was also a hybrid. In the operation of a spinning mule, during the draw stroke, the roving (a long, narrow bunch of carded fibers) is pulled through and twisted; on the return, it is wrapped onto the spindle. Once perfected, the spinning mule gave the spinner great control over the weaving process, and many different types of yarn could be produced. In 1813, the mule was upgraded with the addition of a variable speed control invented by William Horrocks. The mule was a game changer for the textile industry: It could spin thread of much finer gauge, better quality, and at a higher volume than thread spun by hand—and the better the  thread, the higher the profit in the marketplace. The fine threads spun on the mule sold for at least three times the price of coarser threads. In addition, the mule could hold multiple spindles, which greatly increased output. Patent Troubles Many 18th-century inventors encountered difficulty over their patents and Crompton was no exception. In the more than five years it took Compton to invent and perfect his spinning mule, he failed to obtain a patent.  Seizing on the opportunity, famed industrialist Richard Arkwright  took out his own patent on the spinning mule, even though he hadnt had anything to do with its creation.   Crompton filed a complaint regarding his patent claim with the British Commons Committee in 1812. The committee concluded that the method of reward to an inventor, as generally accepted in the eighteenth century, was that the machine, etc., should be made public and that a subscription should be raised by those interested, as a reward to the inventor. Such a philosophy may have been practical in the days when inventions required little  capital  to develop, however, it was decidedly inadequate once the industrial  revolution got underway and investment capital became crucial to the development and production of any substantial technical improvement. Unfortunately for Crompton, British law lagged far behind the new paradigm of industrial progress.   Crompton was eventually able to prove the financial harm hed suffered by gathering evidence of all the factories that relied on his invention—more than four million spinning mules were in use at the time—for which hed received no compensation. Parliament agreed to a settlement of  £5,000 pounds. Crompton attempted to go into business with the funds he was finally awarded but his efforts were unsuccessful. He died in 1827.

Stress in the Workplace and its Effects - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2625 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Career Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE AND ITS EFFECTS 1 Abstract Stress in the workplace has been identified as one of the most costly problems in the 21st century. The economic condition has led to an emotional roller coaster for all the employees around the world. The ultimate result is feelings of uncertainty, feeling insecure, stress, and finally burn out. Therefore, the work place should identify the symptoms and treat accordingly, before it loses its valuable workforce. Employees should also stay alert on their emotional and physical wellbeing to avoid any kind of loss to the work place. This literature review discusses the correlation between work stress, and employee performance and productivity. The argument is built through a number of related factors such as causes of stress; identification; how it affect the company, employers, and employees; precautions and methods to be taken; and the positive effects of a stress free work place. It is important to establish a stress free work place that would enhance job performance, m otivation, productivity, and efficiency of workers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Stress in the workplace affects employee performance hence the overall productivity. Companies face financial losses on a daily basis due to high employee turnover and lowered productivity.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  United Nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s International Labor Organization defines occupational stress as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“global epidemic,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Maxon, 2009). Almost all the companies around the world face the most costly problem: stress of the workers. American Psychological Association defines stress as specific and nonspecific responses a person elicit to highly demanding stimulus or stimuli that disturbs the equilibrium of mind (Glossary of psychological, 2002). There is a high correlation between employee stress, job performance, and productivity. As the stress increases, job performance and productivity decreases. The risk factors, gender and ethnic discrimination, and emotional and physical ailments inhibit job motivation. Hence, work place should take necessary steps to establish a stress free work environment, in order to enhance productivity and motivation of employees. Research has identified that 60% of the annual lost workdays is due to employee stress. It is also estimated that 75-90% of workers seek health care due to stress related problems. This not only affects their work life, but also affects their economy as it is relatively costly. Job related stress influence the wellbeing of an organization both directly and indirectly. In a survey done by The Wall Street Journal, reports that one out of three people considered quitting their jobs and 14% of employees actually did because of the work stress (Maxon, 2009). Likewise, employee turnover affects a company if it is a functional turnover, when good performance quit. Still, it would be costly for the organization as replacing new workers need to be trained for the new job. It will take few weeks or months for the o rganization to function as usual (Schultz Schultz, 2010). Contrary, job related stress affect the organization indirectly, as employees make more mistakes, become disorganized, give less input, and become careless about work. This would affect companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s overall productivity, and would also lead to more customer complaints. This would also leads to great financial losses as the company start losing customers due to less productivity. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a negative correlation between work stress and, job motivation and efficiency. Therefore, measures need to be taken by both employee and employers to establish a stress free work place, while enhancing productivity and job motivation. The work stress differs from occupation to occupation. When considering physical health, psychological wellbeing, and job satisfaction; six jobs have shown below average level of job satisfaction mainly due to work place stress. These occupations are ambulance workers, social se rvices, teachers, customer services, call centers, police, and prison officers. The potential cause for this is identified as high stress jobs associated with high emotional labor (Johnson, Cooper Cartwright, 2005). There are many internal causes for work stress, including structure of the task, interpersonal relationships, work roles, management styles, career concerns, and environmental conditions. (Maseda, 2004) These six causes could be further elaborated as follows. If the design of the task is less important and meaningful to the employee, if it has long working hours, and if thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a negative correlation between the job task and skills of the employee; it could lead to stress. Poor interpersonal relationships too could lead to stress, as the worker do not get enough emotional support from colleagues and supervisors. The third factor, the work role affects workers when there are high job expectations or high responsibility. Management style which leads to st ress is the authoritarian leadership style. The lack of communication between the employees and management, and lack of input in decision making can lead to stress. Another factor is career concerns, where the employee feels job insecurity, changes in advancement, and lack of opportunity for promotion. Last but not least, environmental factors play a huge role in work place stress. Poor work place design, lighting, noise, crowding, and other ergonomic problems positively correlate with job stress (Schultz Schultz, 2010). Work place bullying and discrimination also leads to employee stress. This comes under gender and ethnic harassment, where the harassment/ discrimination can take place between the employer and employee, between employees, and clients and employee. Many researchers have identified that it happens frequently on females and minority groups. As mentioned in the Minnesota Law Review, sexual harassment in the work place can be divided into three categories: classic o r non-sexual harassment, sexual harassment, and mixed harassment (Frisch, 2014). Non-sexual discrimination comes in the form of offensive statements targeted at a person based on his/her gender. These are more or less like stereotypes the society holds. For an example, women are considered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dumbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  at the workplace. The next type of discrimination, sexual discrimination usually involves physical harassment, sexually explicit comments, or sexual advances. Mixed harassment is when an employee experiences both sexual and non-sexual harassment at the same time (Frisch, 2014). Another cause for stress is ethnic harassment faced by minority groups in the work place. Minority stressors also link with psychological distress as well as job satisfaction and productivity. It has been identified that there are four factors that arouse stress in minority workers: discrimination, beliefs about stigma, internalized heterosexism, and suppression of identity. Stress is aro used when people are exposed to external conditions such as harassment, prejudice, and hate crimes. Lack of legal protection for minority workers makes a sense of insecurity. Finally, all these things would result in poor mental health and productivity of employees. (Velez Brandon, 2013) Recognizing warning signs of stress is also very important for both the employer and employee. Then the work place could apply good stress prevention strategies for to each and every worker. In the same way, the organization would be able to produce more efficient and skilled work force. There is no person other than the employee who could identify stress and take precautions to avoid it. Lack of confidence, irritability, feeling anxious, withdrawn, and lack of interest in work are the primary symptoms of stress. This could lead to chronic conditions such as physical ailments, lack of sex drive, alcohol dependency, trouble concentrating, and finally social withdrawal (Rusli, Edimansyah Lin, 200 8). Not only it interfere employee performance and productivity, but also chronic stress leads to severe health conditions as well. Cortisol; the stress hormone, weakens the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s immune system. Increase levels of Cortisol leads to deterioration of T-cells, which is essential for immunity (Pomerantz, 2013). Relating stress to the workplace; job burnout is the syndrome a worker may face due to emotional exhaustion, lack of accomplishments and depersonalization. Hence, it is important for the employees to take care of themselves, for the sake of their family and their organization. The stress in the work place could be reduced by both employees and employers. The best method is to employees to take care of themselves and be responsible of mental and physical wellbeing of them. First, job stress could be reduced by prioritizing and organizing the responsibilities. Time management and task management have to be done in a proper way to enhance efficiency. When consid ering time management, having a balanced schedule is important. The work life should be balanced with family and social life. Also, employees should make measures not to over commit themselves. Distinguishing the difference between à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“should,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mustsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  would contribute for a balanced schedule. The employee should have regular breaks throughout the day. Leaving early to work would also help to have a much relaxed day. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a huge difference between rushing to the work desk and, relaxing or easing oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s self with a coffee before a busy day. Hence, the employee should identify the difference between those and prioritize daily tasks in order, to have an efficient day. Task management is the other factor under prioritizing and organizing tasks. Willingness to compromise, or rather finding a happy middle ground between other co-workers would enhance efficiency. Therefore, employees should be fl exible enough to contribute differently to different tasks. By this employees could delegate responsibility among each other. Breaking projects among co-workers would take away unnecessary stress from a worker (Otto,Kathlene, 2007). Apart from prioritization and organization; improvement of emotional intelligence also helps to reduce job stress. Emotional intelligence has four components which could be applied in the work place by workers. Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management may reduce emotional conflicts. To raise emotional intelligence, a person has to first realize whether heà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stressed out or not. The next step is to stay connected with emotions and managing it. The more a person ignores his/her emotions; the more conflicts will arise with other employees leading to poor communication skills. Therefore, using positive methods such as using humor to tackle problems have a negative correlation with stress. Another fact is resisting perfectionism. Employees should understand that achieving perfectionism in everything is not necessary. Unrealistic goals again would turn into employee stress. These are the techniques an employee should practice in order avoid stress. If an employee already experience stress in the work place, he/she should take further precautions to avoid it. Taking time away, sharing it over with someone, developing more interactions at work, and looking for more humor would lighten the hard feelings. (Grawitch Mathew, 2007) Management and employers are the next main figure, who could intervene to establish a stress free work place while enhancing employee satisfaction. For this managers can act as role models. For an example, if a manager can stay calm in a stressful situation, it would reinforce workers to behave similarly in such situations. Improving communication, consulting employees, and cultivating a friendly social climate are three measures the management can take to re duce stress. To improve communication, the management has to clearly state the job responsibilities and job roles, and also share information about the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future goals, present success etc. This would reduce the doubts and uncertainty of the job. Consulting the employees is important, as it would reduce their stress as well as their ideas and suggestions would help the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s success. Hence, having a democratic work environment is the best measure any organization could take. Furthermore, employees should be valued and praised for their performance, and offer rewards and incentives. Employers should give appropriate work load, which suits their skills, and the deadlines should be realistic. Providing career guidance and new opportunities would also enhance employer-employee relationship and it will have a negative correlation with workplace stress. Third factor, cultivating a friendly climate is also essential for job productivity and effi ciency. The social climate could be between employer-employee, employee-employee, or employer-client. However, it should be rewarding for both and it should enhance motivation and satisfaction. (Richardson Katherine, 2008) Next factor to seek solutions is gender and ethnic discrimination. For gender discrimination, work place should implement policies to avoid any sort of discrimination or unfairness experience by any gender (Frisch, 2014).Focusing on ethnic harassment, Identity management strategies (IMS) have shown effective outcomes after being used on minority workers with work distress. It involves intercultural and intra-cultural communication. In a study done on a sample of 326 sexual minority employees, it has been identified that IMS have a positive correlation with job satisfaction. Furthermore, it acts as a buffer between stress and productivity. But, this buffering reduces as the work stress increases. (Velez Brandon, 2013) Establishment of a stress free workplac e benefits both employees and the company. For employees; it leads to many positive outcomes as stress free environment reduces anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, as well as it relaxes mind, improves immune system, alertness, and leads to more healthy social relationships. On the other hand it affects the company, as increased productivity increases income, reduces employee turnover, and as the company gains the most valuable asset; skilled and efficient workforce (Hoel, Sparks Cooper, 2008).Hence, managing stress in the work place is important as it increases employee motivation, productivity, as well as job satisfaction. Employer and employees together should alter the correlation of stress and less productivity to a stress free and more productive work place. Reference Frisch, E. (2014). State sexual harassment definitions and disaggregation of sex discrimination claims. EBSCO host, Retrieved from https://web.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?[email  pr otected]/* */vid=16hid=4212 Velez. , Brandon, (2013). Testing the tenets of minority stress theory in workplace contexts. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 532-542. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=b890[email  protected]/* */vid=0hid=123bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ Rusli, N., Edimansyah, A., Lin, N. (2008). Working conditions, self-perceived stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life: a structural equation modelling approach.8, 48-59. Retrieved from https://web.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=23[email  protected]/* */hid=4106bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ Pomerantz, A. (2014). Health Psychology. InClinical Psychology(3rd ed., p. 451). SAGE Publications. Schultz, D., Schultz, S. (2010). Working Conditions. InPsychology and Work Today(10th ed., pp. 233-253). Pearson. Maseda, M. (2004). Healthy, stress-free workplace benefits employees, bottom line.Huston Business Journal, Retrieve d from https://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2004/09/06/focus5.html?page=all Glossary of Psychological Terms. (2002). Retrieved April 12, 2015, from https://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx?tab=18 Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S. (2005). The experience of workÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ related stress across occupations.Journal of Managerial Psychology,20. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/02683940510579803 Maxon, R. (2009, January 1). Stress in the Workplace: A Costly Epidemic.FDU Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.fdu.edu/newspubs/magazine/99su/stress.html Grawitch, Mathew, J. (2007). Healthy workplace practices and employee outcomes.EBSCOhost,14. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=bfd5[email  protected]/* */vid=0hid=123bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#db=pdhAN=2007-12374-005 Richardson, Katherine. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,13. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=2[email  protected]/* */hid=123bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#db=pdhAN=2008-00533-007 Otto, Kathlene. (2007). Dealing with stress in the workplace: Compensatory effects of belief in a just world.European Psychologist,12. Retrieved from https://web.ebscohost.com.libproxy.mst.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=2551[email  protected]/* */vid=0hid=4104bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#db=pdhAN=2007-19361-005 Hoel, H., Sparks, K., Cooper, C. (2008). The cost of violence/stress at work and the benefits of a violence/stress-free working environment. International Labour Organization. Retrieved from https://www.google.lk/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=8ved=0CFEQFjAHurl=https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ed_protect/protrav/safework/documents/publication/wcms_108532.pdfei=wmErVc7YIYqKuASakYGoAwusg=AFQjCNEUkQq1jQrRh6FbaNDLMseyTSo 1VQsig2=4d8a51HhTxv2OHY3Y0qnQg Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stress in the Workplace and its Effects" essay for you Create order

Annotated Bibliography On The Development And Adoption Of Cds

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Augustine on Death Essay - 1187 Words

Augustine on Death Death is a very natural occurrence in life, and everyone experiences death differently, but yet in the same way. When Augustine was a young boy his father died, and he makes a small account of this in the Confessions. Later on in life, he loses a dear friend, and his loving mother. With time, he mentally matures and death affects Augustine differently each time. The death of his father was merely mentioned in the Confessions, while the death of Monica, his mother, was an elaborate detailed account of the time of her death. The death of his close friend, when Augustine was a child made him realize that life is temporal. Growing up, Augustine was not very close to his father. He confided in his mother and†¦show more content†¦They both went to school together, and enjoyed each other’s company. â€Å"†¦I had come to have a friend who because of our shared interests was very close. He was my age, and we shared the flowering of youth. 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Carrie Chapter Eighteen Free Essays

string(518) " on the road and I’m gonna make it home tonight!’\), c/w, full throttle, very loud, very bad, five-man band wearing sequined cowboy shirts and new pegged jeans with bright rivets, occasionally wiping mixed sweat and Vitalis from their brows, lead guitar, rhythm, steel, dobro guitar, drums; no one heard the town whistle, or the first explosion, or the second; and when the gas main blew and the music stopped and someone drove into the parking lot and began to yell the news, Chris and Billy were asleep\." ‘I came to kill you, Momma. And you were waiting here to kill me. Momma, I †¦ it’s not right, Momma. We will write a custom essay sample on Carrie Chapter Eighteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s not †¦ ‘ ‘Let’s pray,’ Momma said softly. Her eyes fixed on Carrie’s and there was a crazed, awful compassion in them. The fire light was brighter now, dancing on the walls Up dervishes. ‘For the last time, let us pray.’ ‘Oh Momma help me!’ Carrie cried out. She fell forward on her knees, head down, hands raised in supplication. Momma leaned forward, and the knife came down in a shining arc. Carrie, perhaps seeing out of the tail of her eye, jerked back, and instead of penetrating her back, the knife went into her shoulder to the hilt. Momma’s feet tangled in the legs of her chair, and she collapsed in a sitting sprawl. They stared at each other in silent tableau. Blood began to ooze from around the handle of the knife and to splash on to the floor. Then Carrie said softly: ‘I’m going to give you a present, Momma.’ Margaret tried to get up, staggered, and fell back on her hands and knees. ‘What are you doing?’ she croaked hoarsely. ‘I’m picturing your heart, Momma,’ Carrie said. ‘It’s easier when you see things in your mind. Your heart is a big red muscle. Mine goes faster when I use my power. But your is going a little slower now. A little slower.’ Margaret tried to get up again, failed, and forked the sign of the evil eye at her daughter. ‘A little slower, Momma. Do you know what the present is, Momma? What you always wanted. Darkness. And whatever God lives there.’ Margaret White whispered: ‘Our father, Who art in heaven-‘ ‘Slower, Momma. Slower.’ ‘-hallowed be Thy name-‘ ‘I can see the blood draining back into you. Slower.’ ‘-Thy Kingdom come-‘ ‘Your feet and hands like marble, like alabaster. White.’ ‘-Thy will be done-‘ ‘My will, Momma. Slower!’ ‘-on earth-‘ ‘Slower.’ ‘-as †¦ as †¦ as it†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ She collapsed forward, hands twitching. ‘-as it is in heaven.’ Carrie whispered: ‘Full stop.’ She looked down at herself, and put her hands weakly around the haft of the knife. (no o no that hurts that’s too much hurt) She tried to get up, failed, then pulled herself up by Momma’s stool. Dizziness and nausea washed over her. She could taste blood, bright and slick, on the back of her throat. Smoke, acrid and choking, was drifting in through the windows now. The flames had reached next door; even now sparks would be lighting softly on the roof that rocks had punched brutally through a thousand years before. Carrie went out the back door, staggered across the lawn, and rested (where’s my momma) against a tree. There was something she was supposed to do. Something about (roadhouses parking lots) the Angel with the Sword. The Fiery Sword. Never mind. It would come to her. She crossed by back yards to Willow Street and then crawled up the embankment to Route 6. It was 1: 15 A.M. It was 11:20 P.M. when Christine Hargensen and Billy Nolan got back to The Cavalier. They went up the back stairs, down the hall, and before she could do more than turn on the lights, he was yanking at her blouse. ‘For God’s sake let me unbutton it-‘ ‘To hell with that.’ He ripped it suddenly down the back. The cloth tore with a sudden hard sound. One button popped free and winked on the bare wood floor. Honky-tonkin’ music came faintly up to them, and the building vibrated subtly with the clumsy-enthusiastic dancing of farmers and truckers and millworkers and waitresses and hairdressers, of the greasers and their townie girl friends from Westover and Motton. ‘Hey-‘ ‘Be quiet.’ He slapped her, rocking her head back. Her eyes took on a flat and deadly shine. ‘This is the end, Billy.’ She backed away from him, breasts swelling into her bra, flat stomach pumping, legs long and tapering in her jeans; but she backed toward the bed. ‘It’s over.’ ‘Sure,’ he said. He lunged for her and she punched him, a surprising hard punch that landed on his cheek. He straightened and twitched his head a little. ‘You gave me a shiner, you bitch.’ ‘I’ll give you more.’ ‘You’re goddam right you will.’ They stared at each other, panting, glaring. Then he began to unbutton his shirt, a little grin beginning on his face. ‘We got it on, Charlie. We really got it on.’ He called her Charlie whenever he was pleased with her. It seemed to be, she thought with a cold blink of humour, a generic term for good cunt. She felt a little smile come to her own face, relaxed a little, and that was when he whipped his shirt across her face and came in low, butting her in the stomach like a goat, tipping her on to the bed. The springs screamed. She pounded her fists helplessly on his back. ‘Get off me! Get off me! Get off me! You fucking greaseball, get off me!’ He was grinning at her, and with one quick, hard yank her zipper was broken, her hips free. ‘Call your daddy?’ he was grunting. ‘That what you gonna do? Huh? Huh? That it, ole Chuckie? Call big ole legal beagle daddy? Huh? I woulda done it to you, you know that? I woulda dumped it all over your fuckin squash. You know it? Huh? Know it? Pig blood for pigs, right? Right on your motherfucking squash. You-‘ She had suddenly ceased to resist. He paused, staring down at her, and she had an odd smile on her face. ‘You wanted it this way all along, didn’t you? You miserable little scumbag. That’s right, isn’t it? You creepy little onenut low-cock dinkless wonder.’ His grin was slow, crazed. ‘It doesn’t matter.’ ‘No,’ she said. ‘It doesn’t.’ Her smile suddenly vanished, the cords on her neck stood out as she hawked back – and spat in his face. They descended into a red, thrashing unconsciousness. Downstairs the music thumped and wheezed (‘I’m poppin little white pills an my eyes are open wide/Six days on the road and I’m gonna make it home tonight!’), c/w, full throttle, very loud, very bad, five-man band wearing sequined cowboy shirts and new pegged jeans with bright rivets, occasionally wiping mixed sweat and Vitalis from their brows, lead guitar, rhythm, steel, dobro guitar, drums; no one heard the town whistle, or the first explosion, or the second; and when the gas main blew and the music stopped and someone drove into the parking lot and began to yell the news, Chris and Billy were asleep. You read "Carrie Chapter Eighteen" in category "Essay examples" Chris woke suddenly and the clock on the night table said five minutes of one. Someone was pounding on the door. ‘Billy!’ the voice was yelling. ‘Get up! Hey! Hey!’ Billy stirred, rolled over, and knocked the cheap alarm clock on to the floor. ‘What the Christ?’ he said thickly, and sat up. His back stung. The bitch had covered it with long scratches. He’d barely noticed it at the time, but now decided he was going to have to send her home bowlegged. Just to show her who was boss.. Silence struck him. Silence. The Cavalier did not close until two; as a matter of fact, he could still see the neon twinkling and flicking through the dusty garret window. Except for the steady pounding (something happened) the place was a graveyard. ‘Billy, you in there? Hey!’ ‘Who is it?’ Chris whispered. Her eyes were glittering and watchful in the intermittent neon. ‘Jackie Talbot,’ he said absently, then raised his voice. ‘What?’ ‘Lemme in, Billy. I got to talk to you!’ Billy got up and padded to the door, naked. He unlocked the old-fashioned hook-and-eye and opened it. Jackie Talbot burst in. His eyes were wild and his face was smeared with soot. He had been drinking it up with Steve and Henry when the news came at ten minutes of twelve. They had gone back to town in Henry’s elderly Dodge convertible, and had seen the Jackson Avenue gas main explode from the vantage point of Brickyard Hill. When Jackie had borrowed the Dodge and started to drive back at 12:30, the town was a panicky shambles. ‘Chamberlain’s burning up,’ he said to Billy. ‘Whole fuckin town. The school’s gone. The Centre’s gone. West End blew up – gas. And Carlin Street’s on fire. And they’re saying Carrie White did it!’ ‘Oh God,’ Chris said. She started to get out of bed and grope for her clothes. ‘What did-‘ ‘Shut up,’ Billy said mildly, ‘or I’ll kick your ass.’ He looked at Jackie again and nodded for him to go on. ‘They seen her. Lots of people seen her. Billy, they say she’s all covered with blood. She was at that fuckin prom tonight†¦ Steve and Henry didn’t get it but †¦ Billy, did you †¦ that pig blood †¦ was it-‘ ‘Yeah,’ Billy said. ‘Oh, no.’ Jackie stumbled back against the doorframe. His face was a sickly yellow in the light of the one hall lightbulb. ‘Oh Jesus, Billy, the whole town-.’ ‘Carrie trashed the whole town? Carrie White? You’re full of shit.’ He said it calmly, almost serenely. Behind him, Chris was dressing rapidly. ‘Go and look out the window,’ Jackie said. Billy went over and looked out. The entire eastern horizon had gone crimson, and the sky was alight with it. Even as he looked, three fire trucks screamed by. He could make out the names on them in the glow of the street light that marked The Cavalier’s parking lot. ‘Son of a whore,’ he said. ‘Those trucks are from Brunswick.’ ‘Brunswick?’ Chris said. ‘That’s forty miles away. That can’t be . . .’ Billy turned back to Jackie Talbot. ‘All right. What happened?’ Jackie shook his head. ‘Nobody knows, not yet. It started at the high school. Carrie and Tommy Ross got the King and Queen, and then somebody dumped a couple of buckets of blood on them and she ran out. Then the school caught on fire, and they say nobody got out. Then Teddy’s Amoco blew up, then that Mobil station on Summer Street-!’ ‘Citgo.’ Billy corrected. ‘It’s a Citgo.’ ‘Who the fuck cares?’ Jackie screamed. ‘It was her, every place something happened it was her! And those buckets †¦ none of us wore gloves†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘I’ll take care of it,’ Billy said. ‘You don’t get it, Billy. Carrie ‘Get out.’ ‘Billy-‘ ‘Get out or I’ll break your arm and feed it to you.’ Jackie backed out of the door warily. ‘Go home. Don’t talk to nobody. I’m going to take care of everything.’ ‘All right,’ Jackie said. ‘Okay. Billy, I just thought-‘ Billy slammed the door. Chris was on him in a second. ‘Billy what are we going to do that bitch Carrie oh my Lord what are we going to-‘ Billy slapped her, getting his whole arm into it, and knocked her on to the floor. Chris sat sprawled in stunned silence for a moment, and then held her face and began to sob. Billy put on his pants, his tee shirt, his boots. Then he went to the chipped porcelain washstand in the corner, clicked on the light, wet his head, and began to comb his hair, bending down to see his reflection in the spotted, ancient mirror. Behind him, wavy and distorted, Chris Hargensen sat on the floor, wiping blood from her split lip. ‘I’ll tell you what we’re going to do,’ he said. ‘We’re going into town and watch the fires. Then we’re coming home. You’re going to tell your dear old daddy that we were out to The Cavalier drinking beers when it happened. I’m gonna tell my dear ole mummy the same thing. Dig.’ ‘Billy, your fingerprints,’ she said. Her voice was muffled, but respectful. ‘Their fingerprints,’ he said. ‘I wore gloves.’ ‘Would they tell?’ she asked. ‘If the police took them in and questioned them-‘ ‘Sure,’ he said. ‘They’d tell.’ The loops and swirls were almost right. They glistened in the light of the dun, flyspecked globe like eddies on deep water. His face was calm, reposeful. The comb he used was a battered old Ace, clotted with grease. His father had given it to him on -his eleventh birthday, and not one tooth was broken in it. Not one. ‘Maybe they’ll never find the buckets,’ he said. ‘If they do, maybe the fingerprints will all be burnt of. I don’t know. But if Doyle takes any of ’em in, I’m heading for California. You do what you want.’ ‘Would you take me with you?’ she asked. She looked at him from the floor, her lip puffed to negroid size, her eyes pleading. How to cite Carrie Chapter Eighteen, Essay examples

Snake of the Soul Essay Example For Students

Snake of the Soul Essay Snake is one of Lawrences most famous poems. Although the poem seems to be about an encounter with a snake, the true theme of the poem is the conflict between emotional behavior and learned behavior. This conflict is displayed through setting and symbolism. The poem begins with a very narrative voice and is a pleasure to read for that reason. Lawrence is exuberated in expressing his reverence for nature. In the first three stanzas of the poem the setting is established and the movement of the snake is described. The poem took place in a garden near his house because the boy was in pajamas and under the shade of a great dark carob-tree. The movement of the snake is described by the alliteration of the s sound in the words straight, softly, slack, and silently. Symbolism is used throughout the poem. The garden in which the poem takes place can be a symbol of the Garden of Eden, and the snake, a symbol of the devil. A snake is a symbol of evil, but a snake is also a symbol of enlightenment and wisdom according to ancient civilizations. The snake, however, is the ultimate symbol of tension. The tension in the young boy is caused because he has to make a decision. When he encounters the snake, he is posed with the question to kill the snake or to let it leave unharmed, to act upon his human education or his instinct. While the snake is drinking at the trough, the boys emotions are in conflict. Even though the boy was scared, he was even more honored that the snake should seek his hospitality. Once the snake started to leave, the boys time was running out. He had to make a decision. Because of his accursed human education, he decided to act in an evil way and throw a log at the snake. Does this suggest that the snake is not evil, but the soul in man is inherently evil? Or is the snake evil because he was retreating into the evil darkness of hell symbolized by the hole in the fissure? Once the boy threw the log at the snake, he immediately regretted it, revealing I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean actI wish he would come back, my snake. After the boy threw the log, he recognized the innocence of the snake noting, And so, I missed my chance with one of the lords/ Of life. This illustrates man always trying to r ob the dignity from all Godly creatures, and how petty it is. Through this poem, Lawrence has illustrated his point about strife and the clash of opposites. The symbols used in this poem are very ambiguous because they can be interpreted many ways. The snake can be a symbol of evil, enlightenment and wisdom, or tension. The boy battles through many emotions in this poem, finally coming to the realization that men are inherently evil. Bibliography:N/A